Questions and answers on the European Union's strategic approach to the Black Sea region

European Commission - Questions and answers Questions and answers on the European Union's strategic approach to the Black Sea region Brussels, 28 May 2025 Why is the Black Sea region important? The Black Sea is an area of significant geostrategic importance. As a critical connector between Europe, the Southern Caucasus, Central Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean, the Black Sea region plays a key role for European and overall global security, international trade, energy, critical raw materials and food security (notably grain). With its population of almost 164 million people the States surrounding the Black Sea (excluding Russia) generate a GDP of approximately €2 trillion. It has an untapped potential for economic development and strategic transit routes. Strengthening our cooperation and fostering enhanced economic links will contribute to the competitiveness of the region and of the EU itself. The Black Sea is, furthermore, a dynamic hub of innovation and culture. The environmental challenges of the Black Sea equally demand stronger regional cooperation – to protect marine ecosystems, develop the blue economy, and increase climate resilience among coastal communities. Its critical importance is underscored by Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine, which has shaken the foundations of the rules-based international order and exposed the vulnerabilities of European and regional security. In this context, we must swiftly address hybrid threats, such as...